Feeding and severing mechanism for photographic copying machines



Feb. 20, 1940. p, LANDRQCK AL 2,191,212

FEEDING AND SEVERING MECHANISM FOR PHQTOGRAPHIC COPYING MACHINESOriginal Fil ld April 29, 1939 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 E R5 mlfw aa ATTORNEYSFeb. 20, 1940- P. LANDROCK ET AL FEEDING AND SEVERING MECHANISM FORPHOTOGRAPHIG COPYING MACHINES Original Filed A ril 29, 1959 5Sheets-Sheet 2 JD 7 INVENTOR 5 0k 15% fifllyvs 546v" ATT RNEYs Feb. 20,1940. R K ET AL 2,191,212

FEEDING AND SEVERING MECHANISM FOR PHOTQGRAPHIC COPYING MACHINES oriirial Filed April 29, 1939 s sheets-sheet s 1 1 INVENTO BY il r W @219Feb. 20, 1940. P. LANDROCK ET AL 2,191,212

FEEDING AND SEVERINCT MECHANI3M FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC COPYING MACHINESOriginal Filed April 29, 1939 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 v INVE O Padlmzz'oci BY gZJFwATTORNEYS Patented Feb. 20, 1940 than:

FEEDING AND YSEVERING MECHANISM FOR. PHOTOGRAPHIC COPYING -ll/IACHINESPaul Landrock and Arthur. W. Caps, Rochester, N. Y., assignors to.Photostat Corporation, Providence, It. 1., a corporation of RhodeIsland Original application April .29, 1939, Serial No.

270,856. Divided and this application October 7, 1939, Serial No.298,436

11 Claims.-

The present invention relates to photographic copying cameras ormachinesand more especial- 1y to machines of that type in which photographicexposures are made upon successive por- 5 tions of a long strip of filmsupplied from a roll or the like, and in which each portion after beingexposed is fed to aposition out, of the focal plane and then preferablyout off from the remaining unexposed film, so that it may be developed,fixed, or otherwise treated without waiting for the entire supply offilm to be exposed. Machines of this general type are well known,various forms of such machines having been extensively marketed by theassignee of this present application under the trade mark Photostat.

An object of the present invention is the provision of a generallyimproved and more eflicient and satisfactory mechanism for feeding andsevering the film.

r 20 Another object is thejprovision of feeding and severingmechanisrnnormally driven by power means such as an electric motor, butsoldesigned and constructed that if the motor should be disabled, as byfailure of theelectric. current, the

25 feeding and severing mechanism can nevertheless be operated readilyby hand.

A further object is the provision of such mtor driven and hand operatedfeeding and severing mechanism in such form that it may be sub- 30stituted for other and prior forms of feeding and severing mechanism atpresent in use on existing machines without otherwise substantiallyaltering theexisting machines. i

To these and other ends the invention resides '35 in certainimprovements and combinations of parts, all as will be hereinafter morefully described, the novel features being pointed out in the claims atthe end of the specification.

In the drawings:

40 Fig. l is a side elevation of a portion of a photocopying machineincluding feeding and severing mechanism constructed in accordance witha preferred embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is aside elevation of a fragment of the 45 machine on a largerscale, illustrating the feed ing and severing mechanism, with the coverplate removed to showyparts within, the1nech anism being shown in itsnormal position of rest;

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 with the parts 50 in a differentposition at intermediate point in the cycle of operation;

Fig. is fragmentary view similar to the upper portion of Fig. 2 showingthe parts in the positionas in Fig. 2, but with certion over- 55 lyingparts removed to expose the parts beneath;

(o1. use-49) Fig. is a horizontal section taken substan tially on theline 5--5 of Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is a section taken substantially on the line6-6 of Fig. 7; Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic section taken approx- 5 imatelyon. the line l--'l of Fig. 2, and

Fig. Bis a side view of the handcrank which may be used to operate themechanism when the normal power source fails, and a fragment of l 1 theshaft to which this hand crank is applied. 10

The same reference numerals throughout the several views indicate thesame parts. H x The feeding and severing mechanism of the ferent kinds,types, or styles of photographic copying machines and similar machines,and is here described for the sake of an illustrative example inconnection with a photographic copying machine of a type familiar in theart, which; includes a framework 3| on which is mounted a camera frontframe 33, a back frame 35, bellows 3! connecting these two frames toeach other, and a magazine section. 39 hinged to the section 35, theback frame 35 and magazine 39 together; constituting the main part ofthe camera body. In the magazinesection may be placed the usual roll boxcarrying a roll 45 of unexposed sensitized photographic film, which filmis preferably but not necessarily a strip of paper coated with the.usual photographic emulsion. From the roll 45 the strip of film extendsover a guide roller and thence downwardly as indicated at 39 over theusual focal plane support, being held fiat in the 3 l Any suitable typeof shutter is mounted within the shutter casing El secured to the frontframe 33. When this shutter is open, light rays reflected from thedocument, or copy on the board 57, illuminated by the lights iii, passup wardly to the prism forming part of the lensand prism assembly andthen pass rearwardly through the lens and prism assembly, through theopen shutter, through the bellows ill, and fall against the sensitizedfilm 49 lying in the focal plane of the camera. Suitable adjustments ofrotating feed rollers 'Hand13 until thetop edge of the exposure area isslightly below the level of these feed rollers, which feeding motionbrings a fresh, unexposed portion of film from the supply roll 45. intoexposingposition in the :focal plane. The exposed portion .of the filmis then preferably cut off from the remaining portion by operation of asevering knife 75, whereupon the severed exposed portionlmayvbe treatedin any suitable way to develop and fix it to make a photographic print.In the form of machine here shown as an illustrative example, thesevered portion drops downwardly within a treating cabinet or casing Q5,where it is subjected to various treating baths, such as developing,washing, and fixing baths.

The partsthus far described are of conven tional known construction, thedetails of which are unimportant so far as the present invention isconcerned, and may be varied as desired. Greene Patent 1,322,345,granted September 8, 1931, and Caps and Greene Patent 1,824,259, grantedSeptember 22, 1931, disclose various features of machines of thisgeneral type in somewhat greater detail than the foregoing brief gen--eral description which is sufilcient for present purposes.

The feeding and severing mechanism constitilting the subject matterofthe present invention will now be described. As best seen in Figs. '1and 2, a casing 215 and an. electric motor 2'59 are mounted on the righthand side of the magazine section'39 of the camera. Referring now toFig. 2, the armature shaft 28! of the motor enters the casing 2l'5-andcarries a worm 283 meshing with-and constantly driving a worm Wheel 235(see also Fig. 7) rotatablymounted on is a hub Z29! fixed to the'shaft231, and a set of spring. pressed rollers 239 placed in tapering groovesformed betweenthe hub 33? and the gear.

. 285,.c0nstitute a one way clutch of a familiar kind, so that when thegear 385 is driven-by rotation of the motor. shaft 28f, it will driveshaft 281 in the direction shown by the arrow just above the worm '283inFig. 2. But when the motor is stationary, the shaft "Zillmay be turnedin the same direction-by other means, because of the clutch.arrangement.

Fixed to and rotating withfthe shaft Mil is gear'tlll (Fig. 7) meshing:with a gear 3&3 (Figs. 5 and 'll'fixedto a clutch'element 3&5. pinned ona shaft 313? which is 'slidable I longitudinally through a ball bearingnear its better end,

' mounted on a fixed partition in the casing and througha ball bearing3H near its inner end, this second. ball bearing being mounted in ahollow clutchelement formed integrally with or fixed to a hollow slee'verotatablein but held against axial movement in a hearing in the fixedwall 28! of the casing 215. The inner of this sleeve 3h; receivesareduced end 5H3 (Fig. 7) or the shaft which carries the feeding apartto'the position indicated in 7.

roller ll, and an axial slot 32! in the sleeve 1H5 receives a cross pin323 on the roller shaft to constitute a driving connection between hesleeve 3% and the roller ll, which can, however, be instantlydisconnected by endwise movement of the sleeve 3th away fromthe feedingroller shaft, whenever it is desired to take the casing H5 off of themagazine section for repairs or adjustment. H

'A coiled compression spring 325 surrounds the shaft'3fll between thetwo clutch members and 353, and constantly tends to press them End wisepressure on the shaft in a rightward direction when viewed asin Fig. 7will, however, shift the entire shaft and the gear 3&3 rid element 3%(without unineshing the gear l frsin the gear 3M, however) until chtrmed on the face of the clutch element 359 with corresponding clutchteeth on the fa e of the clutch member 3l3, as shown in Fig. estab--lish a driving connection between these parts. Then, the gear 333 beingturned bythe gear 3E2, the clutch member 383 will be driven, and with itthe sleeve 323 and the feeding roller ll. extent of turning of theroller H and, consequently, the length of the strip of film which fedthereby, will depend, for any given speed of rotation, upon the lengthof time that the clutch elementstfit and 5363 remain in mesh witheachother, which in turn depends upon the length of time that axialpressure on the shaft 3.)? is maintained. The means for producing suchaxial pressure is variable or adjustable, order that the mechanism maybe set for winding different lengths of film at each operation, as willnow be described. Referring now to Figs. 2 and '7, the carries also agear 33! fixed thereto and therewith, which meshes with g to a shaft 335journal-ed ball b n the wall 29! and in a fixed'interined .p ttition inthe casing 2l5. Asbest seen in Fig. the outer end of the shaft projectsoutwardly beyond the bearing and is provided with ting should fail, theouter plate or cover te of the casing 275 can be removed and a nd crank342 can be placed on the exposed end the shaft 335 in. the manner shownin Fig. 8. to make driving engagement with the cross pin EH33. and thefeeding and severing mechanism be operated by means of the hand crank362, rotation of the parts being permitted by the one-way or overrunninclutch 25% previously mentioned.

The shaft 335 also has fixed to. it a pinion 343 meshing with a gear 345freely rotatable on ball bearings 34? on a shaft 345! which itself isrotatable on ball bearings 35! in the wall 29! and 353 in a fixedpartition in the casing 215. The gear 345 has fixed to it a ratchet 355(Figs. 4 and 7) for cooperation with the end 351 of a pawl 3559 pivotedat 36! to a disk 363 fixed to the shaft 3 39. A leaf spring 355 alsofixed to the disk 363 presses against the opposite end 36'! of the pawl359, in adirection tending to throw the nose of the pawl into engagementwith theratchet teeth 355 to establish a driving relation between thepawl and the ratchet, so that the rotation of the gear 345 and ratchet355 will correspondingly drive the disk 363.

Theperiphery of the disk 363 is of smooth circular-form except at onepoint where there is a notch 31'! (Fig. 3) arranged alongside of thetail .331. of the pawl 359. A bell crank lever pivoted The in the casing215 at 315 has one laterally extending arm 311and another upwardlyextending arm 319, constantly pulled in a leftwardor counterclockwisedirection, when viewed. as in Figs. 2, 3, and 4, by a coiled tensionspring 38! i one end of which is secured to the arm 319 and (Jil theother end to a fixed part of the casing 215. This arm 319 also carries asmall roller 383 which rides on the periphery of the disk 363. When thedisk rotates to a certain point, the roller 383 drops into the notch 31!and the face of the roller is sufficiently wide so that it contacts alsowith the tail 361 of the pawl and presses this tail radially inwardlytoward the shaft 359, against the action of the spring 365, throwing thenose 351 of the pawl out of engagement with the ratchet teeth 355 tobreak the driving connection between the ratchet and the disk 363. Thespring 38! is stronger than the spring 365 in order to accomplish thisdisengagement of the pawl against the action of the latter spring.

When the parts are at rest, they are inthe position shown in Fig. 4,with the roller 383 seated in the notch in the disk 363. A clockwisemovement of the bell crank lever 311, 319 against the tension of thespring 38! will lift the roller 383 out of the notch in the disk 363 andat the same time release the tail 361 of the pawl so that the spring 365will throw the nose 351 into engagement with the ratchet teeth 355.Assuming that the motor 219 is running, the ratchet 355 will at thistime be turning in a counterclockwise direction as shown by the arrow inFig. 4, and when the pawl 3559 comes into contact with the ratchetteeth, the disk 363 on which the pawl is mounted will l kewise begin toturn in a counterclockwise direction.

As soon as it has turned a small fraction of until exactly onerevolution is completed, whereupon the notch 31! and the tail 361 of thepawl both again come around to the roller 383. The roller then dropsinto the notch, at the same time pressing inwardly on the tail of thepawl and releasing the pawl from the ratchet 355, so that the drivingconnection between the disk and the ratchet is broken, the disk comes torest (the roller 383 cooperating with the notch 31! to act as a springdetent to hold the disk always in the same definite position when atrest) and the ratchet 355 may continue to turn without causing anyfurther turningof the disk 363 until the bell crank lever is once moredisplaced to move the roller 383 out of its notch, whereupon the partsare once more rotated through a single complete revolution,

It will be remembered that the ratchet 355 and gear 395 are rotatablymounted on the shaft 349 and consequently the shaft does not necessarilyturn with them, but does turn with the disk 363 which is pinned to theshaft. Hence the shaft 349 will, at each cycle of operation, rotatethrough exactly one revolution, and will then come to rest always in thesame position, at the completion of one revolution.

The shaft 349 is provided with an adjustable cam for determining thatpart of the cycle of operation during which the clutch elements 395 andM3 are engaged with each other to cause driving of thefeeding roller 1!.The cam, in its preferred form, comprises one cam segment 39! (Figs. 3,4, and 7) pinned to the shaft 349, a second cam segment 393 having a hubrotatable on the shaft 349, and a third cam segment 395 be- By turningthe cams 393 and 395 so that their,

effective peripheries overlie and coincide with that of the cam 39!, thecompositecam will be of minimum length. The length of the eifective camsurface can be adjusted to any desired extent from this minimum lengthup to the maximum where the eifective surface of one cam begins just atthe point where the other stops, the cam 395 continuing on from the endof the cam 39!, and thecam 393 continuing on from the end of the earn395. This adjustment may be efiected by means of an adjusting knob 399(Figs. 2 and '1) connected to the hub of the cam 393, so that by turningthis knob 399 the cam 393 is turned in one direction or the other on theshaft349, which is stationary at this time. The cam 395 floats betweenthe cams 39! and 393 and is provided with a laterallug 4!!! (Fig. 3)engaging in an arcuate notch 463 in the cam 393, and a similar laterallug engaging in a similar arcuate notch 495 of the cam 39!, thisarrangement of lugs and notches serving to limit the rotation of one camelement relatively to another, and preventing the cams from being spreadtoo far. When they adjusted to the desired position by turning the knob399, they may be clamped in this position by a clamping nut 461 threadedon the end of the shaft 349, which, when tightened, will bear againstthe adjusting knob 399 and hold this knob against rotation. relativelyto the shaft 349, so that the clamping nut 401, knob 399, and thecomposite cam elements 39!, 393, 395 will all turn together as a unitwith the shaft 349 when the latter turns. I

Cooperating with the composite cam and rid ing on the periphery thereofis a roller 4!! (Figs. 3, 4, and '7) mounted on the upper end M3 of alever pivoted at M5 (Figs; 2 and 3) on a fixed part of the casing 215.The lower end M1 of this lever (Figs. 3 and 5) lies just forwardly ofand engages an inwardly extending armM9 of 'a bell crank lever pivotedat 426 .on the casing 215. Another arm 923 of this bell crank leverextends forwardly and is provided with an adjusting screw 425 which maypress against the outer end of the shaft 361 which carries the clutchelement 395, as best shown in 5. A compression spring 431 tends to turnthe bell crank lever M9, 423 in a clockwise direction when viewed fromabove as in Fig. 5, holding the arm M9 thereof against the arm M1 of thevertical lever in such a way as to hold the roller M! against theperiphery of the composite cam. As above mentioned. the shaft 349 andthe composite cam elements mounted thereon come to rest, at the end of acycle, always, in a predetermined position (shown. in Fig. l) in whichthe roller 383 lies in the notch 31!. In this position, the forward orleading edge of the first cam element 39! lies a short distance awayfrom the roller 4! I, ready to displace this roller soon after rotationof the shaft 349 commences. When this roller M! rides up the inclinedleading edge of the-cam and is: displaced to a psition farther away fromthe shaft 349 (such a position being shown in Fig. 3) this swings thelever 453, ll-l about its pivot M5, which in turn swings the bell crank419, 423 about its pivot 42!, causing the screw 425 to press inwardly onthe shaft 3G? to engage the driving clutch element 355. with the drivenclutch element 3| 3 and establish a'driving relationship between theseelements so that the feeding roller H is rotated. The extent to whichthe feeding roller is rotated depends upon setting of the compositecam,foras soon as the roller 4 drops off of the trailing edgeof the last camelement, 393, the spring d2? is permitted to return. the vertical. leverM23, 4!? and. the bell crank lever 4H3, 423 to their initial positionsof rest, and the spring opensthe clutch 305, M3 to break the driv--ingconnection so that rotation of the feeding roller ii ceases, eventhough the clutch element 355 may continue to turn.

By adjusting longer or'shorter, the extent of turning of the feedingroller H for each cycle'of operation is altered as desired. To assist inadjusting it for any desired extent of feedingthere may be provided adial'plate 43! (Figs. 2 and 7) mounted stationarily on a fixedpartitionin the cashing 215, which dial plate is provided with graduations 435-3(Fig. 2) of any appropriate kind, preferably reading directly in termsof inches of fractions of an inch, and cooperating with an index mark435 on the adjusting knob 395. When the adjusting knob is turned (theshaft 1 345 being stationary in its normal position of rest) to suchposition that. the index mark 455 is opposite the graduation marked 24this means that the composite cam is adjusted to such length that theroller 1! will be rotated sufliciently to feed 2 2' inches of the lengthof the film at each cycle of operation. Similarly, if the index mark 435be placed opposite. one of the other graduations, this will make thecomposite cam of the proper length to cause rotation of the roller H lto an extent just sufiicient to feed the length of film indicated by theparticular graduation 433 which is opposite the index 435. With thearrangement here shown as an. illustrative example. the feeding'can beset for any desired .l'ength between maximum of 24 inches and a minimumof 14 inches.

The severing mechanism for cutting the film at the completion of thefeeding operation is controlled from this same mechanism within thecasing 2'55 which has been described in connection with. the feeding ofthe film. The above mentioned disk 353 which is fast to the shaftcarries two rollers 43'! and 439' (Figs. 3, 4, and '7) mounted on studsprojecting from that face of the disk which is remote from the ratchetThese rollers cooperate with a forked arm 2 fixed to a shaft 443journaled in ball bearings i iand M? mounted on fixed parts of thecasing 'Z'iii. A spring 445 coiled around the shaft 443 one end pressingagainst a fixed abutment and the other end against an abutment on thearm 44!, tends constantly to turn the shaft 443 in a counterclockwisedirection when viewed as in Figs. 2 and 3, and to hold it against aresilient stop provided by a leaf spring 45% which cushions the returnmovement of this lever after it has been moved away from its normalposition, but which is stronger than the spring M5 in order to provide adefinite normal or rest position for the arm 44!.

the composite cam to make it This rest position is such that, atthelatter part of the operating cycle represented by one completerevolution of the shaft 349, and after the completion of the feedingmovement of the roller "H, the roller 43 will come into contact with thearm 44L being received in the notch at the upper end thereof, and willpress right- I wardly against the right hand branch of this arm to turnthis arm in a clockwise direction about its shaft 443, against thetension of the spring 449; Just as the roller 45'! is about to move pastthe end of the arm MI, the second roller 439' will come around intocontact with the arm, this time against the left hand branch of the arm(when viewed as in Fig. 3) and will turn the arm MI still further in aclockwise direction. The maximum turned position. of the arm isindicated in dotted line in Fig. 3, where the roller 439 is also shownin dotted lines at 43911, in the position it assumes just before itpasses beyond the end of the arm 44,! and permits the arm to return toits initial position underthe influence of the spring 469.

This clockwise swinging of the arm 4M and corresponding turning of itsshaft 443 operates the severing knife '15 (Figs. 1 and 7) to cut off thefilm which has been fed downwardly by the roller H, at a point justbeneath this roller. The shaft 443 has fixed to it a gear segment 45|(Figs. 2, 3, and 7) which meshes with a gear 453 formed on a sleeve 455rotatable onv a shaft 451 rotatable in ballbearings 459 and 45! mountedin fixed parts of the casing 215. At its outer end the sleeve 455 has alug 463 (Figs. 6 and 7) occupying but a small part (preferably about aquarter or less) of a full circle and cooperating with a similar lug 465on a collar 461 pinned to the shaft 451. A coiled spring 469 surroundsthe sleeve 455 and has one end fixed thereto and the other end fixed tothe collar 46?,

the force of the spring being such as to tend to turn the sleeve 455 ina clockwise direction when viewed from its outer end as in Figs. 3 and6, and to tend to turn the collar 46'! in a counterclockwise directionwhen viewed in the same way, thus holding the lugs 453 and 455 tightagainst each other as indicated in Fig. 6;

When the shaft 443 is swung in a clockwise direction (viewed from theouter end as in Fig. 3) by the action of the rollers 43'! and 439, thegear segment 45f turns the gear 453 in a counterclockwise direction (asshown by the associated arrow in Fig. 6) and this tends to turn thecollar 46'! and the shaft 35'! correspondingly in a counterclockwisedirection, because the spring 459 tends to hold the lug 465 on thecollar 46'! tight against the lug 453 as the latter turns with the gear453. But if there is any unusual resistance to turning the shaft 451,then the gear 453 can continue to turn to the end of its range of travelwithout the collar 45? and shaft 451 necessarily turning with it, for inthe event of such unusual resistance, the collar 45'! and its lug 465can remain stationary and the lug 463 can pull away from it and turnaround approximately half a revolution in a counterclockwise direction(Fig. 6) relatively to the lug 465, simply winding up the spring 469somewhat tighter and causing no damage to any parts.

The shaft 45! is connected in any suitable wayto the film severing knifepreviously mentioned. For example, the inner end of the shaft 451 mayhave a sleeve 41! (Fig. '7) fixed thereto, which sleeve has a slottedend similar to the sleeve 315, tocooperate in the sameway' with theknife to reciprocate it by any suitable means,

such as a pair of gear segments 41! fixed to the shaft 415 nearoppositeends thereof at opposite sides of the machine (only one endbeing shown inFig. 7) and meshingwith racks 419 on a reciprocatingcarriage which carries the knife r blade 15.

The spring 489 is of sufficient strength to hold the lugs lfitl and 46bin contact with each other and cause operation of the knifeblade 75through time jammed in the. knife or for any other reason its full rangeof travel under all normal condi- If, however, the film should becomethere should be an unusual resistance to the operation of the knife,then the spring 469 would give, as above mentioned, so that the knifecould stop without completing, its full travel and yet the variousoperating parts above described would not be broken. 1

,The feeding roller shaft M9 and the knife op-,

erating shaft 475 are shafts which exist, at a standard distancefromeach other, in many com- ,proportions that the shaft-receiving sleeves3| mercial copying cameras now in use; According to the presentinvention, thecasing 215 and all parts included therein are made of suchsize and and 41! are at this same standard distance from "each other. Itis an easy matter to remove the existing means for operating the feedingroller shaft 319 and knife shaft 115 from any machine already in use,and to place the casing 275 con- .taining the improved operatingmechanism ""against the side of the machine in proper position so thatthe sleeves 3i! and an receive the existing shafts3l9 and 475.. Hence itis comparatively easy to convert manyof the existing photographiccopying cameras into the improved form ,mbf the present invention,without requiring extensive alterations or rebuilding.

Operation of the feeding and severing mechanism is initiated by downwardmovement of the bell crank arm 3H, either by direct hand pres- --sure orthrough the instrumentality of any suitable operating mechanism. ,Suchdownward movement of the arm 3'" will withdraw the roller 383 from thenotch 3H and will engage the pawl 359 with the ratchet. 355. The motor2'19 may be left running continuously, or, if preferred, may

be at rest between successive operations of the feeding and severingmechanismaand may be started only at the beginning of each feedingandsevering operation. In the latter event, the electtric current to themotor is preferably controlled by a switch of the plungertype, having aplunger 5!! (Figs. 2 and 3). A spring 5I 3 tends to press the plungerrightwardly when viewed as in Figs. 2 and 3, to a position inwhich theswitch is closed. so that the motor Willrun. An adjustable screw 5l5mounted near the upper end of the upstanding arm 37? of the control bellcrank presses against the plunger 5H when the control bell crank is innormal undisplaced position (Fig. 2)

hand, overcoming the resistance of the spring 5E3, holds the plunger 5|I leftwardly in switch-opening position, so that no current is suppliedto the motor. a a

With this arrangement, a downward movement "#Qf the bell crank arm 311allows the switch plunger to move rightwardly and starts the motor 219simultaneouslywith the release of the roller 383 from the notch 3H andfrom the tail 361 of the pawl. Afterthe downward pressure on the bellcrank arm 3' has'been removed, the roller 383 riding on the periphery ofthe disc 363,

the switch to remain closed until the notch 3H I comes around to theroller 383, whereupon the roller drops into the notch under the actionof the spring 381, feeding and severing mechanism by throwing out thepawl 359, and at the same time the screw 5|5 on the control bell crankpresses against the plunger 5H motor 219;

If the motor is disabled, as by failure of the electric current, theworm 283 locks the worm wheel 285 against turning, the other shafts andparts driven thereby are not locked, because of the one-way clutch 299.Consequently, the crank 342 maybe applied to the end of the shaft 335and this shaft maybe turned manually byoperation of the crank, to drivethe feeding and severing mechanism in spite of the While one embodimentof the invention has been disclosed, it is to be understood that theinventive idea may be carried out in a number of ways. This applicationis therefore not to be limited to the precise details described, but isintended to cover all variations and modifications disconnecting thedrive of the to open the switch to stop the but the shaft 281 and afiled October '7, 1939, for Severing mechanism for photographic copyingmachines.

thereof falling within the spirit of the invention or the scope of theappended claims.

We claim:

l. A photographic copying machine of the type including film feedingmechanism having a rotary metering member for determining the length offilm to be fed, a shaft for driving said member, a motor, and a geardriven by said motor for driving said shaft, characterized by theprovision of a one-way clutch between said gear and said shaft, so thatwhen said motor is incapacitated, said feeding mechanism may be operatedby turning said shaft by hand without turning said motor or said gear.

2. A photographic'copying machine of the type including film feedingmechanismhaving a rotary metering member for determining the length offilm to befed, a shaft for driving said member, a motor; and a geardriven by said motor for driving said shaft, characterized by the factthat said gear is rotatably mounted on said shaft, and furthercharacterized by the provision of a worm operated by said motor andmeshing with said gear to drive said gear, and the provision of aone-way clutch between said gear and said shaft, so thatwhen said gearis driven from said motor, rotation thereof will drive said shaft, and

so that when said motor is incapacitated, said shaft may be turned byhand without turning said gear.

3. A photographic copying machine of the type including a filmseveringmember, a shaft for driving said member, a motor, and a geardriven by said motor for driving said-shaft, character ized by theprovision of a on'eeway clutch between I said gear and said shaft, sothat when said motor is incapacitated, said severingmember may beoperated by turning said shaft by hand without turning said motor orsaid gear. a

4. A photographic copying machine of the type 7 including a filmsevering'member, a shaft for driving said member, amotor, and a geardriven 1 will drive said shaft, and so that when said motorby said motorfor, driving said shaft; characterized by the fact, that said gear isrotatably mounted on-said shaft, and further characterized *by theprovision of a worm operated by said motor and meshing with said gear todrive said gear, and the provision of a one-way clutch between saidgearand said shaft so that when said gear is driven from said motor,rotation thereof is incapacitated, said shaft may be turned by handwithout turning said gear.

5. A photographic copying machine including mechanism for operating upona strip of film, a-

motor, and transmission parts operatively inter posed between said motorand said mechanism for normally driving said mechanism from said motor,saidqtransmission parts including a shaft having a free end to which ahand crank may be detachahly applied and a one-wayclutohinterposedbetween said shaft and said motor so that said shaftmaybe turned. by said hand crank without thereby turning said motor.

' 6. A photographic copying machine including mechanism for operatingupon a strip of film, a

motor, and transmission parts operatively interposed between said motorand said mechanism for normally driving said mechanism from saidimotor,said transmission parts including a worm driven by said motor, a shaft,a worm wheel shaft geared to the first-mentioned shaft, anda :crank formanually turning said second shaft and with it said first-mentionedshaft when said worm wheel is stationary.

'7. Mechanism for operating upon a strip of film in a photographiccopying machine, said mechanism including a driving member mounted forrotation about an axis and having a ratchet thereon, a driven memberincludinga disk having a substantially smooth periphery. throughout the,greater part of its circumferenceand having a notch at one point of itscircumference, a pawl pivotally mounted on said diskand having oneportion for cooperative engagement with said ratchet and a secondportionlying adjacent said 1' notch, a movable control member, and aroller mounted on said controlmernber in position to 'roll on saidsmooth periphery of said disk while said disk is turning and to dropinto said notch when said notch comes opposite said roller duringturning of said disk, said roller when in. said notch engaging saidsecond portion of said pawl to hold the first portion of said pawl outof,

en'gagement'with said ratchet so that turning of said ratchet will notdrive said disk.

8. Mechanism for operating upon a strip :of film in a photographiccopying machine, said mechanism including a driving member mounted forrotation about. an axis and having a ratchet thereon, a driven memberincluding a disk having a substantially smooth; periphery throughout thegreater part of .its'circumference and having anotch at one point of itscircumference, a pawl pivotally mounted on said disk and having oneportionfor cooperative engagement with said ratchet and a second portionlying adjacent said notch, a movable control member, a; roller mountedon said control member in position to roll on said smooth periphery ofsaid disk while said disk is turning and to drop into said notch whensaid notch comes opposite said roller during turning of said disk, saidroller whenin said notch en gaging said second portion of said pawl tohold the first portion of said pawl out of engagement with said ratchetso that turning of said ratchet will not drive said disk, a feedrollerfor feeding said film, an adjustable cam driven by said driven member,and mechanism operated-by said cam for controlling the extent ofrotation of said feed roller during eachcycle of operation thereof.

9. Mechanism for operating upon a strip of film in a photographiccopying machinasaid mechanism including a driving member mounted" forrotation about an axis and having a ratchet thereon, a driven memberincluding a disk having a substantially smooth periphery throughout thegreater part of its circumference and having a notch at one point of itscircumference, a pawl pivotally mounted on said disk and having oneportion for cooperative engagement with said ratchet and a secondportionlying adjacent said notch, amovable control member, a roller mounted onsaid control member in position to roll on said smooth periphery of saiddisk While said disk is turning and to drop'into said notch when saidnotch comes opposite said-roller during turning of said disk, saidroller when in said notch engaging said second portion of said'pawl tohold the first portion of said pawl out of engagement with said'ratchetso that turning of said ratchet will not drivegsaid disk, a movableknifefor severing saidfilrn, H and; mechanism driven by driven-memberfor operating said knife to'sever 10. A photographic copyingmachine'including. aroller for feedingfilm, a driving clutch element anda driven clutch element movable axially with respect to each other toestablish and disestab-li sh a driving connection between them, saiddriven said rollerto drive said roller, a rotatable control cam apivoted lever cooperating with said control cam to be moved thereby fromone position to, another position, and a hell crank lever haying,

clutch element being operatively connected to one arm cooperating withand moved by said pivoted lever and having a second arm movable in adirection axially of said clutch elements and effective to shift one ofsaid elements axially with respect to the other.

11. Aphotographic copying machine including 'a rollerfor feeding film,an engageable and dis engageable clutch for driving said roller, ashait, a first cam part fixed to said shaft,a second cam part rotatableon said shaft, means for clamping said secondcarn part in a selectedposition with respect tosaid shaft; a,third cam part floatingly mountedon said shaft between. said first and sec ond parts, cooperatingabutment means on said cam parts tolimit rotationof said third cam partwithrespect to said first cam part and to limit rotationof ,saiolsecondcam part with respect to said third cam part, a cam follower cooperatingwithsaid cam parts to be moved thereby when said shaft turns, andanoperative connedtion between said cam follower and said clutch PAUL,LANDROCK. ARTHUR w. CAPS.

to controlsaid clutch frorn the movements of said,

cam followen

